국가 평균 IQ 순위

< The Impact of National IQ on Income and Growth >
Thomas Volken - University of Zurich
논문의 부록에 나타난 국가별 평균 IQ 순위

Country	IQ	Lynn/Vanhanen (n=122)	Volken (n=93)
Sierra Leone	64	x	x
Congo (Zaire)	65	x	x
Senegal	65	x	x
Guinea-Bissau	66	x
Zimbabwe	66	x	x
Gabon	66	x
Nigeria	67	x
Niger	67	x	x
Togo	69	x	x
Mali	69	x	x
Benin	69	x	x
Cameroon	70	x	x
Burundi	70	x
Rwanda	70	x	x
Malawi	71	x	x
Ghana	71	x	x
Cote d'Ivoire	71	x
Namibia	72	x
Haiti	72	x	x
South Africa	72	x	x
Chad	72	x
Jamaica	72	x	x
Tanzania	72	x
Kenya	72	x	x
Botswana	72	x	x
Uganda	73	x	x
Congo (Brazzaville	73	x	x
Zambia	77	x	x
Nepal	78	x	x
Barbados	78	x	x
Bahamas	78	x
Guatemala	79	x	x
Madagascar	79	x
Ecuador	80	x	x
Trinidad and Tobago	80	x	x
Bangladesh	81	x	x
Pakistan	81	x	x
India	81	x	x
Mauritius	81	x	x
Sri Lanka	81	x	x
Oman	83	x
Kuwait	83	x	x
Egypt	83	x	x
Bahrain	83	x	x
Belize	83	x
United Arab Emirates	83	x
Guyana	84	x	x
El Salvador	84	x	x
Iran	84	x	x
			cont.
Country	IQ	Lynn/Vanhanen (n=122)	Volken (n=93)
Honduras	84	x	x
Algeria	84	x	x
Papua New Guinea	84	x	x
Nicaragua	84	x	x
Fiji	84	x	x
Dominican Republic	84	x	x
Tunesia	84	x	x
Paraquay	85	x	x
Bolivia	85	x	x
Morocco	85	x
Panama	85	x	x
Philippines	86	x	x
Burma (Myanmar)	86	x	x
Syria	87	x	x
Mexico	87	x	x
Jordan	87	x	x
Brazil	87	x	x
Indonesia	89	x	x
Venezuela	89	x	x
Colombia	89	x	x
Croatia	90	x
Turkey	90	x	x
Albania	90	x
Peru	90	x	x
Thailand	91	x	x
Costa Rica	91	x	x
Greece	92	x	x
Malaysia	92	x	x
Cyprus	92	x	x
Chile	93	x	x
Ireland	93	x	x
Bulgaria	93	x
Romania	94	x
Israel	94	x	x
Malta	95	x	x
Slovenia	95	x
Portugal	95	x	x
Uruguay	96	x	x
Ukraine	96	x
Russia	96	x
Slovakia	96	x
Argentina	96	x	x
Finland	97	x	x
Spain	97	x	x
Lithuania	97	x
Canada	97	x
Estonia	97	x
Czech Republic	97	x
Latvia	97	x
Denmark	98	x	x
Australia	98	x	x
France	98	x	x
Iceland	98	x	x

United States	98	x	x
Norway	98	x	x
Poland	99	x	x
Hungary	99	x	x
China	100	x	x
Belgium	100	x	x
United Kingdom	100	x	x
New Zealand	100	x	x
Luxembourg	101	x
Sweden	101	x	x
Switzerland	101	x	x
Austria	102	x	x
Italy	102	x	x
Netherlands	102	x	x
Germany	102	x	x
Singapore	103	x	x
Taiwan	104	x	x
Japan	105	x	x
Korea (South)	106	x	x

<결론>

In this paper I have explored the influence of national IQ on income and growth. In contrast to Lynn and Vanhanen, I find no empirical and statistically significant support for their claim that IQ is the most relevant factor explaining cross-country variations in income and growth. In the case of income, the authors simply fail to consider the influence structure of the explanatory variables, leading them to the wrong conclusion that economic freedom and the level of democracy account for only a small amount of the variance explained.
Furthermore, Lynn and Vanhanen confuse IQ with human capital. Once one controls for the educational opportunity structure, the link between IQ and income disappears.
Also, their case for economic growth and IQ is not supported by the empirical evidence presented for the two growth periods 1976-1998 and 1983-1996. Once control variables are entered, and a more theoretically adequate growth model is specified, the effect of national IQ levels on growth cannot be substantiated. Therefore the correlation between IQ and growth which has been found by Lynn and Vanhanen must be considered as spurious. In short, the simple message is that national IQ has neither an effect on income nor on economic growth.
In the light of these findings, it is hardly worthwhile for any researcher to further consider national IQs as an engine of economic development and growth. If the IQ effect is spurious, why should we still bother? Firstly, the answer of course has to do with the questionable research methods applied by Lynn and Vanhanen. Secondly, part one of Lynn and Vanhanen’s argument - however weak its methodological fundament may be - must be subject to strict scientific tests. Polemics alone will not advance the knowledge of the scientific community.
* 윤태동님에 의해서 게시물 이동되었습니다 (2004-06-29 06:19)